Dep/Misc: More deps

2026-01-18 16:38:42 +01:00 · 2015-07-19 15:03:13 +02:00
parent 652c612876
commit 87a427828a
90 changed files with 10305 additions and 0 deletions
--- a/dep/cppformat/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/dep/cppformat/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
+include(CheckSymbolExists)
+
+set(FMT_SOURCES format.cc format.h)
+
+# Use variadic templates
+add_definitions(-DFMT_VARIADIC_TEMPLATES=1)
+
+# Use deleted functions
+add_definitions(-DFMT_USE_DELETED_FUNCTIONS=1)
+
+# Use static assert
+add_definitions(-DFMT_USE_STATIC_ASSERT=1)
+
+if (WIN32)
+  check_symbol_exists(open io.h HAVE_OPEN)
+else ()
+  check_symbol_exists(open fcntl.h HAVE_OPEN)
+endif ()
+
+if (HAVE_OPEN)
+  add_definitions(-DFMT_USE_FILE_DESCRIPTORS=1)
+  set(FMT_SOURCES ${FMT_SOURCES} posix.cc posix.h)
+endif ()
+
+add_library(format STATIC ${FMT_SOURCES})
+
+if (CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX)
+  set_target_properties(format PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS
+    "-Wall -Wextra -Wshadow -pedantic")
+endif ()
--- a/dep/cppformat/ChangeLog.rst
+++ b/dep/cppformat/ChangeLog.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+1.1.0 - 2015-03-06
+------------------
+
+* Added ``BasicArrayWriter``, a class template that provides operations for
+  formatting and writing data into a fixed-size array
+  (`#105 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/issues/105>`_ and
+  `#122 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/issues/122>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+  
+    char buffer[100];
+    fmt::ArrayWriter w(buffer);
+    w.write("The answer is {}", 42);
+
+* Added `0 A.D. <http://play0ad.com/>`_ and `PenUltima Online (POL)
+  <http://www.polserver.com/>`_ to the list of notable projects using C++ Format.
+
+* C++ Format now uses MSVC intrinsics for better formatting performance
+  (`#115 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/pull/115>`_,
+  `#116 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/pull/116>`_,
+  `#118 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/pull/118>`_ and
+  `#121 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/pull/121>`_).
+  Previously these optimizations where only used on GCC and Clang.
+  Thanks to `@CarterLi <https://github.com/CarterLi>`_ and
+  `@objectx <https://github.com/objectx>`_.
+
+* CMake install target (`#119 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/pull/119>`_).
+  Thanks to `@TrentHouliston <https://github.com/TrentHouliston>`_.
+
+  You can now install C++ Format with ``make install`` command.
+
+* Improved `Biicode <http://www.biicode.com/>`_ support
+  (`#98 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/pull/98>`_ and
+  `#104 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/pull/104>`_). Thanks to
+  `@MariadeAnton <https://github.com/MariadeAnton>`_ and
+  `@franramirez688 <https://github.com/franramirez688>`_.
+
+* Improved support for bulding with `Android NDK
+  <https://developer.android.com/tools/sdk/ndk/index.html>`_
+  (`#107 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/pull/107>`_).
+  Thanks to `@newnon <https://github.com/newnon>`_.
+  
+  The `android-ndk-example <https://github.com/cppformat/android-ndk-example>`_
+  repository provides and example of using C++ Format with Android NDK:
+
+  .. image:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cppformat/android-ndk-example/
+            master/screenshot.png
+
+* Improved documentation of ``SystemError`` and ``WindowsError``
+  (`#54 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/issues/54>`_).
+
+* Various code improvements
+  (`#110 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/pull/110>`_,
+  `#111 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/pull/111>`_
+  `#112 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/pull/112>`_).
+  Thanks to `@CarterLi <https://github.com/CarterLi>`_.
+
+* Improved compile-time errors when formatting wide into narrow strings
+  (`#117 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/issues/117>`_).
+
+* Fixed ``BasicWriter::write`` without formatting arguments when C++11 support
+  is disabled (`#109 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/issues/109>`_).
+
+* Fixed header-only build on OS X with GCC 4.9
+  (`#124 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/issues/124>`_).
+
+* Fixed packaging issues (`#94 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/issues/94>`_).
+
+* Fixed warnings in GCC, MSVC and Xcode/Clang
+  (`#95 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/issues/95>`_,
+  `#96 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/issues/96>`_ and
+  `#114 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/pull/114>`_).
+
+* Added `changelog <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/blob/master/ChangeLog.rst>`_
+  (`#103 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/issues/103>`_).
+
+1.0.0 - 2015-02-05
+------------------
+
+* Add support for a header-only configuration when ``FMT_HEADER_ONLY`` is
+  defined before including ``format.h``:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    #define FMT_HEADER_ONLY
+    #include "format.h"
+
+* Compute string length in the constructor of ``BasicStringRef``
+  instead of the ``size`` method
+  (`#79 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/issues/79>`_).
+  This eliminates size computation for string literals on reasonable optimizing
+  compilers.
+
+* Fix formatting of types with overloaded ``operator <<`` for ``std::wostream``
+  (`#86 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/issues/86>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::format(L"The date is {0}", Date(2012, 12, 9));
+
+* Fix linkage of tests on Arch Linux
+  (`#89 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/issues/89>`_).
+
+* Allow precision specifier for non-float arguments
+  (`#90 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/issues/90>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::print("{:.3}\n", "Carpet"); // prints "Car"
+
+* Fix build on Android NDK
+  (`#93 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/issues/93>`_)
+
+* Improvements to documentation build procedure.
+
+* Remove ``FMT_SHARED`` CMake variable in favor of standard `BUILD_SHARED_LIBS
+  <http://www.cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.0/variable/BUILD_SHARED_LIBS.html>`_.
+
+* Fix error handling in ``fmt::fprintf``.
+
+* Fix a number of warnings.
+
+0.12.0 - 2014-10-25
+-------------------
+
+* [Breaking] Improved separation between formatting and buffer management.
+  ``Writer`` is now a base class that cannot be instantiated directly.
+  The new ``MemoryWriter`` class implements the default buffer management
+  with small allocations done on stack. So ``fmt::Writer`` should be replaced
+  with ``fmt::MemoryWriter`` in variable declarations.
+
+  Old code:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::Writer w;
+
+  New code: 
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::MemoryWriter w;
+
+  If you pass ``fmt::Writer`` by reference, you can continue to do so:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+      void f(fmt::Writer &w);
+
+  This doesn't affect the formatting API.
+
+* Support for custom memory allocators
+  (`#69 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/issues/69>`_)
+
+* Formatting functions now accept `signed char` and `unsigned char` strings as
+  arguments (`#73 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/issues/73>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    auto s = format("GLSL version: {}", glGetString(GL_VERSION));
+
+* Reduced code bloat. According to the new `benchmark results
+  <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat#compile-time-and-code-bloat>`_,
+  cppformat is close to ``printf`` and by the order of magnitude better than
+  Boost Format in terms of compiled code size.
+
+* Improved appearance of the documentation on mobile by using the `Sphinx
+  Bootstrap theme <http://ryan-roemer.github.io/sphinx-bootstrap-theme/>`_:
+
+  .. |old| image:: https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/576385/4792130/
+                   cd256436-5de3-11e4-9a62-c077d0c2b003.png
+
+  .. |new| image:: https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/576385/4792131/
+                   cd29896c-5de3-11e4-8f59-cac952942bf0.png
+  
+  +-------+-------+
+  |  Old  |  New  |
+  +-------+-------+
+  | |old| | |new| |
+  +-------+-------+
+
+0.11.0 - 2014-08-21
+-------------------
+
+* Safe printf implementation with a POSIX extension for positional arguments:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::printf("Elapsed time: %.2f seconds", 1.23);
+    fmt::printf("%1$s, %3$d %2$s", weekday, month, day);
+
+* Arguments of ``char`` type can now be formatted as integers
+  (Issue `#55 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/issues/55>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::format("0x{0:02X}", 'a');
+
+* Deprecated parts of the API removed.
+
+* The library is now built and tested on MinGW with Appveyor in addition to
+  existing test platforms Linux/GCC, OS X/Clang, Windows/MSVC.
+
+0.10.0 - 2014-07-01
+-------------------
+
+**Improved API**
+
+* All formatting methods are now implemented as variadic functions instead
+  of using ``operator<<`` for feeding arbitrary arguments into a temporary
+  formatter object. This works both with C++11 where variadic templates are
+  used and with older standards where variadic functions are emulated by
+  providing lightweight wrapper functions defined with the ``FMT_VARIADIC``
+  macro. You can use this macro for defining your own portable variadic
+  functions:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    void report_error(const char *format, const fmt::ArgList &args) {
+      fmt::print("Error: {}");
+      fmt::print(format, args);
+    }
+    FMT_VARIADIC(void, report_error, const char *)
+
+    report_error("file not found: {}", path);
+
+  Apart from a more natural syntax, this also improves performance as there
+  is no need to construct temporary formatter objects and control arguments'
+  lifetimes. Because the wrapper functions are very ligthweight, this doesn't
+  cause code bloat even in pre-C++11 mode.
+
+* Simplified common case of formatting an ``std::string``. Now it requires a
+  single function call:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    std::string s = format("The answer is {}.", 42);
+
+  Previously it required 2 function calls:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    std::string s = str(Format("The answer is {}.") << 42);
+
+  Instead of unsafe ``c_str`` function, ``fmt::Writer`` should be used directly
+  to bypass creation of ``std::string``:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::Writer w;
+    w.write("The answer is {}.", 42);
+    w.c_str();  // returns a C string
+
+  This doesn't do dynamic memory allocation for small strings and is less error
+  prone as the lifetime of the string is the same as for ``std::string::c_str``
+  which is well understood (hopefully).
+
+* Improved consistency in naming functions that are a part of the public API.
+  Now all public functions are lowercase following the standard library
+  conventions. Previously it was a combination of lowercase and
+  CapitalizedWords.
+  Issue `#50 <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/issues/50>`_.
+
+* Old functions are marked as deprecated and will be removed in the next
+  release.
+
+**Other Changes**
+
+* Experimental support for printf format specifications (work in progress):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::printf("The answer is %d.", 42);
+    std::string s = fmt::sprintf("Look, a %s!", "string");
+
+* Support for hexadecimal floating point format specifiers ``a`` and ``A``:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    print("{:a}", -42.0); // Prints -0x1.5p+5
+    print("{:A}", -42.0); // Prints -0X1.5P+5
+
+* CMake option ``FMT_SHARED`` that specifies whether to build format as a
+  shared library (off by default).
+
+0.9.0 - 2014-05-13
+------------------
+
+* More efficient implementation of variadic formatting functions.
+
+* ``Writer::Format`` now has a variadic overload:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    Writer out;
+    out.Format("Look, I'm {}!", "variadic");
+
+* For efficiency and consistency with other overloads, variadic overload of
+  the ``Format`` function now returns ``Writer`` instead of ``std::string``.
+  Use the ``str`` function to convert it to ``std::string``:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    std::string s = str(Format("Look, I'm {}!", "variadic"));
+
+* Replaced formatter actions with output sinks: ``NoAction`` -> ``NullSink``,
+  ``Write`` -> ``FileSink``, ``ColorWriter`` -> ``ANSITerminalSink``.
+  This improves naming consistency and shouldn't affect client code unless
+  these classes are used directly which should be rarely needed.
+
+* Added ``ThrowSystemError`` function that formats a message and throws
+  ``SystemError`` containing the formatted message and system-specific error
+  description. For example, the following code
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    FILE *f = fopen(filename, "r");
+    if (!f)
+      ThrowSystemError(errno, "Failed to open file '{}'") << filename;
+
+  will throw ``SystemError`` exception with description
+  "Failed to open file '<filename>': No such file or directory" if file
+  doesn't exist.
+
+* Support for AppVeyor continuous integration platform.
+
+* ``Format`` now throws ``SystemError`` in case of I/O errors.
+
+* Improve test infrastructure. Print functions are now tested by redirecting
+  the output to a pipe.
+
+0.8.0 - 2014-04-14
+------------------
+
+* Initial release
--- a/dep/cppformat/LICENSE.rst
+++ b/dep/cppformat/LICENSE.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+Copyright (c) 2012 - 2015, Victor Zverovich
+
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
--- a/dep/cppformat/README.rst
+++ b/dep/cppformat/README.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+C++ Format
+==========
+
+.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/cppformat/cppformat.png?branch=master
+   :target: https://travis-ci.org/cppformat/cppformat
+
+.. image:: https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/qk0bhyhqp1ekpat8
+   :target: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/vitaut/cppformat
+   
+.. image:: https://webapi.biicode.com/v1/badges/vitaut/vitaut/cppformat/master?dummy
+   :target: https://www.biicode.com/vitaut/cppformat
+
+.. image:: https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg
+   :alt: Join the chat at https://gitter.im/cppformat/cppformat
+   :target: https://gitter.im/cppformat/cppformat?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge
+
+C++ Format is an open-source formatting library for C++.
+It can be used as a safe alternative to printf or as a fast
+alternative to IOStreams.
+
+`Documentation <http://cppformat.github.io/latest/>`_
+
+Features
+--------
+
+* Two APIs: faster concatenation-based write API and slower (but still
+  very fast) replacement-based format API with positional arguments for
+  localization.
+* Write API similar to the one used by IOStreams but stateless allowing
+  faster implementation.
+* Format API with `format string syntax
+  <http://cppformat.github.io/latest/syntax.html>`_
+  similar to the one used by `str.format
+  <http://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html#str.format>`_ in Python.
+* Safe `printf implementation
+  <http://cppformat.github.io/latest/reference.html#printf-formatting-functions>`_
+  including the POSIX extension for positional arguments.
+* Support for user-defined types.
+* High speed: performance of the format API is close to that of
+  glibc's `printf <http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/c/fprintf>`_
+  and better than performance of IOStreams. See `Speed tests`_ and
+  `Fast integer to string conversion in C++
+  <http://zverovich.net/2013/09/07/integer-to-string-conversion-in-cplusplus.html>`_.
+* Small code size both in terms of source code (format consists of a single
+  header file and a single source file) and compiled code.
+  See `Compile time and code bloat`_.
+* Reliability: the library has an extensive set of `unit tests
+  <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/tree/master/test>`_.
+* Safety: the library is fully type safe, errors in format strings are
+  reported using exceptions, automatic memory management prevents buffer
+  overflow errors.
+* Ease of use: small self-contained code base, no external dependencies,
+  permissive BSD `license
+  <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/blob/master/LICENSE.rst>`_
+* `Portability <http://cppformat.github.io#portability>`_ with consistent output
+  across platforms and support for older compilers.
+* Clean warning-free codebase even on high warning levels
+  (-Wall -Wextra -pedantic).
+* Support for wide strings.
+* Optional header-only configuration enabled with the ``FMT_HEADER_ONLY`` macro.
+
+See the `documentation <http://cppformat.github.io/latest/>`_ for more details.
+
+Examples
+--------
+
+This prints ``Hello, world!`` to stdout:
+
+.. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::print("Hello, {}!", "world");  // uses Python-like format string syntax
+    fmt::printf("Hello, %s!", "world"); // uses printf format string syntax
+
+Arguments can be accessed by position and arguments' indices can be repeated:
+
+.. code:: c++
+
+    std::string s = fmt::format("{0}{1}{0}", "abra", "cad");
+    // s == "abracadabra"
+
+C++ Format can be used as a safe portable replacement for ``itoa``:
+
+.. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::MemoryWriter w;
+    w << 42;           // replaces itoa(42, buffer, 10)
+    w << fmt::hex(42); // replaces itoa(42, buffer, 16)
+    // access the string using w.str() or w.c_str()
+
+An object of any user-defined type for which there is an overloaded
+:code:`std::ostream` insertion operator (``operator<<``) can be formatted:
+
+.. code:: c++
+
+    class Date {
+      int year_, month_, day_;
+     public:
+      Date(int year, int month, int day) : year_(year), month_(month), day_(day) {}
+
+      friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Date &d) {
+        return os << d.year_ << '-' << d.month_ << '-' << d.day_;
+      }
+    };
+
+    std::string s = fmt::format("The date is {}", Date(2012, 12, 9));
+    // s == "The date is 2012-12-9"
+
+You can use the `FMT_VARIADIC
+<http://cppformat.github.io/latest/reference.html#utilities>`_
+macro to create your own functions similar to `format
+<http://cppformat.github.io/latest/reference.html#format>`_ and
+`print <http://cppformat.github.io/latest/reference.html#print>`_
+which take arbitrary arguments:
+
+.. code:: c++
+
+    // Prints formatted error message.
+    void report_error(const char *format, fmt::ArgList args) {
+      fmt::print("Error: ");
+      fmt::print(format, args);
+    }
+    FMT_VARIADIC(void, report_error, const char *)
+
+    report_error("file not found: {}", path);
+
+Note that you only need to define one function that takes ``fmt::ArgList``
+argument. ``FMT_VARIADIC`` automatically defines necessary wrappers that
+accept variable number of arguments.
+
+Projects using this library
+---------------------------
+
+* `0 A.D. <http://play0ad.com/>`_: A free, open-source, cross-platform real-time strategy game
+
+* `AMPL/MP <https://github.com/ampl/mp>`_:
+  An open-source library for mathematical programming
+
+* `HarpyWar/pvpgn <https://github.com/HarpyWar/pvpgn>`_:
+  Player vs Player Gaming Network with tweaks
+
+* `KBEngine <http://www.kbengine.org/>`_: An open-source MMOG server engine
+
+* `Lifeline <https://github.com/peter-clark/lifeline>`_: A 2D game
+
+* `PenUltima Online (POL) <http://www.polserver.com/>`_:
+  An MMO server, compatible with most Ultima Online clients
+
+* `quasardb <https://www.quasardb.net/>`_: A distributed, high-performance, associative database
+
+* `readpe <https://bitbucket.org/sys_dev/readpe>`_: Read Portable Executable
+
+* `Saddy <https://code.google.com/p/saddy/>`_:
+  Small crossplatform 2D graphic engine
+
+* `Salesforce Analytics Cloud <http://www.salesforce.com/analytics-cloud/overview/>`_:
+  Business intelligence software
+
+* `spdlog <https://github.com/gabime/spdlog>`_: Super fast C++ logging library
+
+* `TrinityCore <https://github.com/TrinityCore/TrinityCore>`_: Open-source MMORPG framework
+
+`More... <https://github.com/search?q=cppformat&type=Code>`_
+
+If you are aware of other projects using this library, please let me know
+by `email <mailto:victor.zverovich@gmail.com>`_ or by submitting an
+`issue <https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/issues>`_.
+
+Motivation
+----------
+
+So why yet another formatting library?
+
+There are plenty of methods for doing this task, from standard ones like
+the printf family of function and IOStreams to Boost Format library and
+FastFormat. The reason for creating a new library is that every existing
+solution that I found either had serious issues or didn't provide
+all the features I needed.
+
+Printf
+~~~~~~
+
+The good thing about printf is that it is pretty fast and readily available
+being a part of the C standard library. The main drawback is that it
+doesn't support user-defined types. Printf also has safety issues although
+they are mostly solved with `__attribute__ ((format (printf, ...))
+<http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Function-Attributes.html>`_ in GCC.
+There is a POSIX extension that adds positional arguments required for
+`i18n <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization>`_
+to printf but it is not a part of C99 and may not be available on some
+platforms.
+
+IOStreams
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+The main issue with IOStreams is best illustrated with an example:
+
+.. code:: c++
+
+    std::cout << std::setprecision(2) << std::fixed << 1.23456 << "\n";
+
+which is a lot of typing compared to printf:
+
+.. code:: c++
+
+    printf("%.2f\n", 1.23456);
+
+Matthew Wilson, the author of FastFormat, referred to this situation with
+IOStreams as "chevron hell". IOStreams doesn't support positional arguments
+by design.
+
+The good part is that IOStreams supports user-defined types and is safe
+although error reporting is awkward.
+
+Boost Format library
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This is a very powerful library which supports both printf-like format
+strings and positional arguments. The main its drawback is performance.
+According to various benchmarks it is much slower than other methods
+considered here. Boost Format also has excessive build times and severe
+code bloat issues (see `Benchmarks`_).
+
+FastFormat
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This is an interesting library which is fast, safe and has positional
+arguments. However it has significant limitations, citing its author:
+
+    Three features that have no hope of being accommodated within the
+    current design are:
+
+    * Leading zeros (or any other non-space padding)
+    * Octal/hexadecimal encoding
+    * Runtime width/alignment specification
+
+It is also quite big and has a heavy dependency, STLSoft, which might be
+too restrictive for using it in some projects.
+
+Loki SafeFormat
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+SafeFormat is a formatting library which uses printf-like format strings
+and is type safe. It doesn't support user-defined types or positional
+arguments. It makes unconventional use of ``operator()`` for passing
+format arguments.
+
+Tinyformat
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This library supports printf-like format strings and is very small and
+fast. Unfortunately it doesn't support positional arguments and wrapping
+it in C++98 is somewhat difficult. Also its performance and code compactness
+are limited by IOStreams.
+
+Boost Spirit.Karma
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This is not really a formatting library but I decided to include it here
+for completeness. As IOStreams it suffers from the problem of mixing
+verbatim text with arguments. The library is pretty fast, but slower
+on integer formatting than ``fmt::Writer`` on Karma's own benchmark,
+see `Fast integer to string conversion in C++
+<http://zverovich.net/2013/09/07/integer-to-string-conversion-in-cplusplus.html>`_.
+
+Benchmarks
+----------
+
+Speed tests
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The following speed tests results were generated by building
+``tinyformat_test.cpp`` on Ubuntu GNU/Linux 14.04.1 with
+``g++-4.8.2 -O3 -DSPEED_TEST -DHAVE_FORMAT``, and taking the best of three
+runs.  In the test, the format string ``"%0.10f:%04d:%+g:%s:%p:%c:%%\n"`` or
+equivalent is filled 2000000 times with output sent to ``/dev/null``; for
+further details see the `source
+<https://github.com/cppformat/format-benchmark/blob/master/tinyformat_test.cpp>`_.
+
+================= ============= ===========
+Library           Method        Run Time, s
+================= ============= ===========
+EGLIBC 2.19       printf          1.30
+libstdc++ 4.8.2   std::ostream    1.85
+C++ Format 1.0    fmt::print      1.42
+tinyformat 2.0.1  tfm::printf     2.25
+Boost Format 1.54 boost::format   9.94
+================= ============= ===========
+
+As you can see ``boost::format`` is much slower than the alternative methods; this
+is confirmed by `other tests <http://accu.org/index.php/journals/1539>`_.
+Tinyformat is quite good coming close to IOStreams.  Unfortunately tinyformat
+cannot be faster than the IOStreams because it uses them internally.
+Performance of cppformat is close to that of printf, being `faster than printf on integer
+formatting <http://zverovich.net/2013/09/07/integer-to-string-conversion-in-cplusplus.html>`_,
+but slower on floating-point formatting which dominates this benchmark.
+
+Compile time and code bloat
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The script `bloat-test.py
+<https://github.com/cppformat/format-benchmark/blob/master/bloat-test.py>`_
+from `format-benchmark <https://github.com/cppformat/format-benchmark>`_
+tests compile time and code bloat for nontrivial projects.
+It generates 100 translation units and uses ``printf()`` or its alternative
+five times in each to simulate a medium sized project.  The resulting
+executable size and compile time (g++-4.8.1, Ubuntu GNU/Linux 13.10,
+best of three) is shown in the following tables.
+
+**Optimized build (-O3)**
+
+============ =============== ==================== ==================
+Method       Compile Time, s Executable size, KiB Stripped size, KiB
+============ =============== ==================== ==================
+printf                   2.6                   41                 30
+IOStreams               19.4                   92                 70
+C++ Format              46.8                   46                 34
+tinyformat              64.6                  418                386
+Boost Format           222.8                  990                923
+============ =============== ==================== ==================
+
+As you can see, C++ Format has two times less overhead in terms of resulting
+code size compared to IOStreams and comes pretty close to ``printf``.
+Boost Format has by far the largest overheads.
+
+**Non-optimized build**
+
+============ =============== ==================== ==================
+Method       Compile Time, s Executable size, KiB Stripped size, KiB
+============ =============== ==================== ==================
+printf                   2.1                   41                 30
+IOStreams               19.7                   86                 62
+C++ Format              47.9                  108                 86
+tinyformat              27.7                  234                190
+Boost Format           122.6                  884                763
+============ =============== ==================== ==================
+
+``libc``, ``libstdc++`` and ``libformat`` are all linked as shared
+libraries to compare formatting function overhead only. Boost Format
+and tinyformat are header-only libraries so they don't provide any
+linkage options.
+
+Running the tests
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Please refer to `Building the library`__ for the instructions on how to build
+the library and run the unit tests.
+
+__ http://cppformat.github.io/latest/usage.html#building-the-library
+
+Benchmarks reside in a separate repository,
+`format-benchmarks <https://github.com/cppformat/format-benchmark>`_,
+so to run the benchmarks you first need to clone this repository and
+generate Makefiles with CMake::
+
+    $ git clone --recursive https://github.com/cppformat/format-benchmark.git
+    $ cd format-benchmark
+    $ cmake .
+
+Then you can run the speed test::
+
+    $ make speed-test
+
+or the bloat test::
+
+    $ make bloat-test
+
+License
+-------
+
+C++ Format is distributed under the BSD `license
+<https://github.com/cppformat/cppformat/blob/master/LICENSE.rst>`_.
+
+The `Format String Syntax
+<http://cppformat.github.io/latest/syntax.html>`_
+section in the documentation is based on the one from Python `string module
+documentation <http://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html#module-string>`_
+adapted for the current library. For this reason the documentation is
+distributed under the Python Software Foundation license available in
+`doc/python-license.txt
+<https://raw.github.com/cppformat/cppformat/master/doc/python-license.txt>`_.
+It only applies if you distribute the documentation of C++ Format.
+
+Links
+-----
+
+`API changes/compatibility report <http://upstream-tracker.org/versions/cppformat.html>`_
+
+Acknowledgments
+---------------
+
+The benchmark section of this readme file and the performance tests are taken
+from the excellent `tinyformat <https://github.com/c42f/tinyformat>`_ library
+written by Chris Foster.  Boost Format library is acknowledged transitively
+since it had some influence on tinyformat.
+Some ideas used in the implementation are borrowed from `Loki
+<http://loki-lib.sourceforge.net/>`_ SafeFormat and `Diagnostic API
+<http://clang.llvm.org/doxygen/classclang_1_1Diagnostic.html>`_ in
+`Clang <http://clang.llvm.org/>`_.
+Format string syntax and the documentation are based on Python's `str.format
+<http://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html#str.format>`_.
+Thanks `Doug Turnbull <https://github.com/softwaredoug>`_ for his valuable
+comments and contribution to the design of the type-safe API and
+`Gregory Czajkowski <https://github.com/gcflymoto>`_ for implementing binary
+formatting. Thanks `Ruslan Baratov <https://github.com/ruslo>`_ for comprehensive
+`comparison of integer formatting algorithms <https://github.com/ruslo/int-dec-format-tests>`_
+and useful comments regarding performance, `Boris Kaul <https://github.com/localvoid>`_ for
+`C++ counting digits benchmark <https://github.com/localvoid/cxx-benchmark-count-digits>`_.
+Thanks to `CarterLi <https://github.com/CarterLi>`_ for contributing various
+improvements to the code.
--- a/dep/cppformat/format.cc
+++ b/dep/cppformat/format.cc
--- a/dep/cppformat/format.h
+++ b/dep/cppformat/format.h
--- a/dep/cppformat/posix.cc
+++ b/dep/cppformat/posix.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+/*
+ A C++ interface to POSIX functions.
+
+ Copyright (c) 2014 - 2015, Victor Zverovich
+ All rights reserved.
+
+ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+ 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+// Disable bogus MSVC warnings.
+#ifndef _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+# define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+#endif
+
+#include "posix.h"
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#ifndef _WIN32
+# include <unistd.h>
+#else
+# include <windows.h>
+# include <io.h>
+
+# define O_CREAT _O_CREAT
+# define O_TRUNC _O_TRUNC
+
+# ifndef S_IRUSR
+#  define S_IRUSR _S_IREAD
+# endif
+
+# ifndef S_IWUSR
+#  define S_IWUSR _S_IWRITE
+# endif
+
+# ifdef __MINGW32__
+#  define _SH_DENYNO 0x40
+#  undef fileno
+# endif
+
+#endif  // _WIN32
+
+namespace {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+// Return type of read and write functions.
+typedef int RWResult;
+
+// On Windows the count argument to read and write is unsigned, so convert
+// it from size_t preventing integer overflow.
+inline unsigned convert_rwcount(std::size_t count) {
+  return count <= UINT_MAX ? static_cast<unsigned>(count) : UINT_MAX;
+}
+#else
+// Return type of read and write functions.
+typedef ssize_t RWResult;
+
+inline std::size_t convert_rwcount(std::size_t count) { return count; }
+#endif
+}
+
+fmt::BufferedFile::~BufferedFile() FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  if (file_ && FMT_SYSTEM(fclose(file_)) != 0)
+    fmt::report_system_error(errno, "cannot close file");
+}
+
+fmt::BufferedFile::BufferedFile(
+    fmt::CStringRef filename, fmt::CStringRef mode) {
+  FMT_RETRY_VAL(file_, FMT_SYSTEM(fopen(filename.c_str(), mode.c_str())), 0);
+  if (!file_)
+    throw SystemError(errno, "cannot open file {}", filename);
+}
+
+void fmt::BufferedFile::close() {
+  if (!file_)
+    return;
+  int result = FMT_SYSTEM(fclose(file_));
+  file_ = 0;
+  if (result != 0)
+    throw SystemError(errno, "cannot close file");
+}
+
+// A macro used to prevent expansion of fileno on broken versions of MinGW.
+#define FMT_ARGS
+
+int fmt::BufferedFile::fileno() const {
+  int fd = FMT_POSIX_CALL(fileno FMT_ARGS(file_));
+  if (fd == -1)
+    throw SystemError(errno, "cannot get file descriptor");
+  return fd;
+}
+
+fmt::File::File(fmt::CStringRef path, int oflag) {
+  int mode = S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR;
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__MINGW32__)
+  fd_ = -1;
+  FMT_POSIX_CALL(sopen_s(&fd_, path.c_str(), oflag, _SH_DENYNO, mode));
+#else
+  FMT_RETRY(fd_, FMT_POSIX_CALL(open(path.c_str(), oflag, mode)));
+#endif
+  if (fd_ == -1)
+    throw SystemError(errno, "cannot open file {}", path);
+}
+
+fmt::File::~File() FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  // Don't retry close in case of EINTR!
+  // See http://linux.derkeiler.com/Mailing-Lists/Kernel/2005-09/3000.html
+  if (fd_ != -1 && FMT_POSIX_CALL(close(fd_)) != 0)
+    fmt::report_system_error(errno, "cannot close file");
+}
+
+void fmt::File::close() {
+  if (fd_ == -1)
+    return;
+  // Don't retry close in case of EINTR!
+  // See http://linux.derkeiler.com/Mailing-Lists/Kernel/2005-09/3000.html
+  int result = FMT_POSIX_CALL(close(fd_));
+  fd_ = -1;
+  if (result != 0)
+    throw SystemError(errno, "cannot close file");
+}
+
+fmt::LongLong fmt::File::size() const {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  // Use GetFileSize instead of GetFileSizeEx for the case when _WIN32_WINNT
+  // is less than 0x0500 as is the case with some default MinGW builds.
+  // Both functions support large file sizes.
+  DWORD size_upper = 0;
+  HANDLE handle = reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(_get_osfhandle(fd_));
+  DWORD size_lower = FMT_SYSTEM(GetFileSize(handle, &size_upper));
+  if (size_lower == INVALID_FILE_SIZE) {
+    DWORD error = GetLastError();
+    if (error != NO_ERROR)
+      throw WindowsError(GetLastError(), "cannot get file size");
+  }
+  fmt::ULongLong long_size = size_upper;
+  return (long_size << sizeof(DWORD) * CHAR_BIT) | size_lower;
+#else
+  typedef struct stat Stat;
+  Stat file_stat = Stat();
+  if (FMT_POSIX_CALL(fstat(fd_, &file_stat)) == -1)
+    throw SystemError(errno, "cannot get file attributes");
+  FMT_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(fmt::LongLong) >= sizeof(file_stat.st_size),
+      "return type of File::size is not large enough");
+  return file_stat.st_size;
+#endif
+}
+
+std::size_t fmt::File::read(void *buffer, std::size_t count) {
+  RWResult result = 0;
+  FMT_RETRY(result, FMT_POSIX_CALL(read(fd_, buffer, convert_rwcount(count))));
+  if (result < 0)
+    throw SystemError(errno, "cannot read from file");
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::size_t fmt::File::write(const void *buffer, std::size_t count) {
+  RWResult result = 0;
+  FMT_RETRY(result, FMT_POSIX_CALL(write(fd_, buffer, convert_rwcount(count))));
+  if (result < 0)
+    throw SystemError(errno, "cannot write to file");
+  return result;
+}
+
+fmt::File fmt::File::dup(int fd) {
+  // Don't retry as dup doesn't return EINTR.
+  // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/dup.html
+  int new_fd = FMT_POSIX_CALL(dup(fd));
+  if (new_fd == -1)
+    throw SystemError(errno, "cannot duplicate file descriptor {}", fd);
+  return File(new_fd);
+}
+
+void fmt::File::dup2(int fd) {
+  int result = 0;
+  FMT_RETRY(result, FMT_POSIX_CALL(dup2(fd_, fd)));
+  if (result == -1) {
+    throw SystemError(errno,
+      "cannot duplicate file descriptor {} to {}", fd_, fd);
+  }
+}
+
+void fmt::File::dup2(int fd, ErrorCode &ec) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  int result = 0;
+  FMT_RETRY(result, FMT_POSIX_CALL(dup2(fd_, fd)));
+  if (result == -1)
+    ec = ErrorCode(errno);
+}
+
+void fmt::File::pipe(File &read_end, File &write_end) {
+  // Close the descriptors first to make sure that assignments don't throw
+  // and there are no leaks.
+  read_end.close();
+  write_end.close();
+  int fds[2] = {};
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  // Make the default pipe capacity same as on Linux 2.6.11+.
+  enum { DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 65536 };
+  int result = FMT_POSIX_CALL(pipe(fds, DEFAULT_CAPACITY, _O_BINARY));
+#else
+  // Don't retry as the pipe function doesn't return EINTR.
+  // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009696799/functions/pipe.html
+  int result = FMT_POSIX_CALL(pipe(fds));
+#endif
+  if (result != 0)
+    throw SystemError(errno, "cannot create pipe");
+  // The following assignments don't throw because read_fd and write_fd
+  // are closed.
+  read_end = File(fds[0]);
+  write_end = File(fds[1]);
+}
+
+fmt::BufferedFile fmt::File::fdopen(const char *mode) {
+  // Don't retry as fdopen doesn't return EINTR.
+  FILE *f = FMT_POSIX_CALL(fdopen(fd_, mode));
+  if (!f)
+    throw SystemError(errno, "cannot associate stream with file descriptor");
+  BufferedFile file(f);
+  fd_ = -1;
+  return file;
+}
+
+long fmt::getpagesize() {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  SYSTEM_INFO si;
+  GetSystemInfo(&si);
+  return si.dwPageSize;
+#else
+  long size = FMT_POSIX_CALL(sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE));
+  if (size < 0)
+    throw SystemError(errno, "cannot get memory page size");
+  return size;
+#endif
+}
--- a/dep/cppformat/posix.h
+++ b/dep/cppformat/posix.h
@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+/*
+ A C++ interface to POSIX functions.
+
+ Copyright (c) 2014 - 2015, Victor Zverovich
+ All rights reserved.
+
+ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+ 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef FMT_POSIX_H_
+#define FMT_POSIX_H_
+
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+// Workaround MinGW bug https://sourceforge.net/p/mingw/bugs/2024/.
+# undef __STRICT_ANSI__
+#endif
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>  // for O_RDONLY
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include <cstddef>
+
+#include "format.h"
+
+#ifndef FMT_POSIX
+# if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__MINGW32__)
+// Fix warnings about deprecated symbols.
+#  define FMT_POSIX(call) _##call
+# else
+#  define FMT_POSIX(call) call
+# endif
+#endif
+
+// Calls to system functions are wrapped in FMT_SYSTEM for testability.
+#ifdef FMT_SYSTEM
+# define FMT_POSIX_CALL(call) FMT_SYSTEM(call)
+#else
+# define FMT_SYSTEM(call) call
+# ifdef _WIN32
+// Fix warnings about deprecated symbols.
+#  define FMT_POSIX_CALL(call) ::_##call
+# else
+#  define FMT_POSIX_CALL(call) ::call
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#if FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 407
+# define FMT_UNUSED __attribute__((unused))
+#else
+# define FMT_UNUSED
+#endif
+
+#if FMT_USE_STATIC_ASSERT || FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(cxx_static_assert) || \
+  (FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 403 && FMT_HAS_GXX_CXX11) || _MSC_VER >= 1600
+# define FMT_STATIC_ASSERT(cond, message) static_assert(cond, message)
+#else
+# define FMT_CONCAT_(a, b) FMT_CONCAT(a, b)
+# define FMT_STATIC_ASSERT(cond, message) \
+  typedef int FMT_CONCAT_(Assert, __LINE__)[(cond) ? 1 : -1] FMT_UNUSED
+#endif
+
+// Retries the expression while it evaluates to error_result and errno
+// equals to EINTR.
+#ifndef _WIN32
+# define FMT_RETRY_VAL(result, expression, error_result) \
+  do { \
+    result = (expression); \
+  } while (result == error_result && errno == EINTR)
+#else
+# define FMT_RETRY_VAL(result, expression, error_result) result = (expression)
+#endif
+
+#define FMT_RETRY(result, expression) FMT_RETRY_VAL(result, expression, -1)
+
+namespace fmt {
+
+// An error code.
+class ErrorCode {
+ private:
+  int value_;
+
+ public:
+  explicit ErrorCode(int value = 0) FMT_NOEXCEPT : value_(value) {}
+
+  int get() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return value_; }
+};
+
+// A buffered file.
+class BufferedFile {
+ private:
+  FILE *file_;
+
+  friend class File;
+
+  explicit BufferedFile(FILE *f) : file_(f) {}
+
+ public:
+  // Constructs a BufferedFile object which doesn't represent any file.
+  BufferedFile() FMT_NOEXCEPT : file_(0) {}
+
+  // Destroys the object closing the file it represents if any.
+  ~BufferedFile() FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+
+#if !FMT_USE_RVALUE_REFERENCES
+  // Emulate a move constructor and a move assignment operator if rvalue
+  // references are not supported.
+
+ private:
+  // A proxy object to emulate a move constructor.
+  // It is private to make it impossible call operator Proxy directly.
+  struct Proxy {
+    FILE *file;
+  };
+
+public:
+  // A "move constructor" for moving from a temporary.
+  BufferedFile(Proxy p) FMT_NOEXCEPT : file_(p.file) {}
+
+  // A "move constructor" for for moving from an lvalue.
+  BufferedFile(BufferedFile &f) FMT_NOEXCEPT : file_(f.file_) {
+    f.file_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  // A "move assignment operator" for moving from a temporary.
+  BufferedFile &operator=(Proxy p) {
+    close();
+    file_ = p.file;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // A "move assignment operator" for moving from an lvalue.
+  BufferedFile &operator=(BufferedFile &other) {
+    close();
+    file_ = other.file_;
+    other.file_ = 0;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // Returns a proxy object for moving from a temporary:
+  //   BufferedFile file = BufferedFile(...);
+  operator Proxy() FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    Proxy p = {file_};
+    file_ = 0;
+    return p;
+  }
+
+#else
+ private:
+  FMT_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(BufferedFile);
+
+ public:
+  BufferedFile(BufferedFile &&other) FMT_NOEXCEPT : file_(other.file_) {
+    other.file_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  BufferedFile& operator=(BufferedFile &&other) {
+    close();
+    file_ = other.file_;
+    other.file_ = 0;
+    return *this;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  // Opens a file.
+  BufferedFile(CStringRef filename, CStringRef mode);
+
+  // Closes the file.
+  void close();
+
+  // Returns the pointer to a FILE object representing this file.
+  FILE *get() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return file_; }
+
+  // We place parentheses around fileno to workaround a bug in some versions
+  // of MinGW that define fileno as a macro.
+  int (fileno)() const;
+
+  void print(CStringRef format_str, const ArgList &args) {
+    fmt::print(file_, format_str, args);
+  }
+  FMT_VARIADIC(void, print, CStringRef)
+};
+
+// A file. Closed file is represented by a File object with descriptor -1.
+// Methods that are not declared with FMT_NOEXCEPT may throw
+// fmt::SystemError in case of failure. Note that some errors such as
+// closing the file multiple times will cause a crash on Windows rather
+// than an exception. You can get standard behavior by overriding the
+// invalid parameter handler with _set_invalid_parameter_handler.
+class File {
+ private:
+  int fd_;  // File descriptor.
+
+  // Constructs a File object with a given descriptor.
+  explicit File(int fd) : fd_(fd) {}
+
+ public:
+  // Possible values for the oflag argument to the constructor.
+  enum {
+    RDONLY = FMT_POSIX(O_RDONLY), // Open for reading only.
+    WRONLY = FMT_POSIX(O_WRONLY), // Open for writing only.
+    RDWR   = FMT_POSIX(O_RDWR)    // Open for reading and writing.
+  };
+
+  // Constructs a File object which doesn't represent any file.
+  File() FMT_NOEXCEPT : fd_(-1) {}
+
+  // Opens a file and constructs a File object representing this file.
+  File(CStringRef path, int oflag);
+
+#if !FMT_USE_RVALUE_REFERENCES
+  // Emulate a move constructor and a move assignment operator if rvalue
+  // references are not supported.
+
+ private:
+  // A proxy object to emulate a move constructor.
+  // It is private to make it impossible call operator Proxy directly.
+  struct Proxy {
+    int fd;
+  };
+
+ public:
+  // A "move constructor" for moving from a temporary.
+  File(Proxy p) FMT_NOEXCEPT : fd_(p.fd) {}
+
+  // A "move constructor" for for moving from an lvalue.
+  File(File &other) FMT_NOEXCEPT : fd_(other.fd_) {
+    other.fd_ = -1;
+  }
+
+  // A "move assignment operator" for moving from a temporary.
+  File &operator=(Proxy p) {
+    close();
+    fd_ = p.fd;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // A "move assignment operator" for moving from an lvalue.
+  File &operator=(File &other) {
+    close();
+    fd_ = other.fd_;
+    other.fd_ = -1;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // Returns a proxy object for moving from a temporary:
+  //   File file = File(...);
+  operator Proxy() FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    Proxy p = {fd_};
+    fd_ = -1;
+    return p;
+  }
+
+#else
+ private:
+  FMT_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(File);
+
+ public:
+  File(File &&other) FMT_NOEXCEPT : fd_(other.fd_) {
+    other.fd_ = -1;
+  }
+
+  File& operator=(File &&other) {
+    close();
+    fd_ = other.fd_;
+    other.fd_ = -1;
+    return *this;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  // Destroys the object closing the file it represents if any.
+  ~File() FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+
+  // Returns the file descriptor.
+  int descriptor() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return fd_; }
+
+  // Closes the file.
+  void close();
+
+  // Returns the file size.
+  LongLong size() const;
+
+  // Attempts to read count bytes from the file into the specified buffer.
+  std::size_t read(void *buffer, std::size_t count);
+
+  // Attempts to write count bytes from the specified buffer to the file.
+  std::size_t write(const void *buffer, std::size_t count);
+
+  // Duplicates a file descriptor with the dup function and returns
+  // the duplicate as a file object.
+  static File dup(int fd);
+
+  // Makes fd be the copy of this file descriptor, closing fd first if
+  // necessary.
+  void dup2(int fd);
+
+  // Makes fd be the copy of this file descriptor, closing fd first if
+  // necessary.
+  void dup2(int fd, ErrorCode &ec) FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+
+  // Creates a pipe setting up read_end and write_end file objects for reading
+  // and writing respectively.
+  static void pipe(File &read_end, File &write_end);
+
+  // Creates a BufferedFile object associated with this file and detaches
+  // this File object from the file.
+  BufferedFile fdopen(const char *mode);
+};
+
+// Returns the memory page size.
+long getpagesize();
+}  // namespace fmt
+
+#if !FMT_USE_RVALUE_REFERENCES
+namespace std {
+// For compatibility with C++98.
+inline fmt::BufferedFile &move(fmt::BufferedFile &f) { return f; }
+inline fmt::File &move(fmt::File &f) { return f; }
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif  // FMT_POSIX_H_