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+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2005, Eric Crahen
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished
+ * to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+ * WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+ * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef __ZTTHREAD_H__
+#define __ZTTHREAD_H__
+
+#include "zthread/Cancelable.h"
+#include "zthread/Priority.h"
+#include "zthread/NonCopyable.h"
+#include "zthread/Task.h"
+#include "zthread/Waitable.h"
+
+namespace ZThread {
+  
+  class ThreadImpl;
+  
+  /**
+   * @class Thread
+   * @author Eric Crahen <http://www.code-foo.com>
+   * @date <2003-07-27T11:17:59-0400>
+   * @version 2.3.0
+   *
+   *
+   * @see Task
+   * @see Executor
+   *
+   * <h2>Examples</h2>
+   * - <a href="#ex1">Launching a task</a>
+   * - <a href="#ex2">Waiting for a task</a>
+   * - <a href="#ex3">Sharing a task</a>
+   *
+   * <h2><a name="ex1">Launching a task</a></h2>
+   *
+   * A thread is started simply by constructing a thread object and giving 
+   * it a task to perform. The thread will continue to run its task, even 
+   * after the Thread object used to launch the thread has gone out of scope.
+   *
+   * @code
+   * #include "zthread/Thread.h"
+   * #include <iostream>
+   *
+   * using namespace ZThread;
+   *
+   * class aRunnable : public Runnable {
+   *
+   *   void run() {
+   *
+   *     Thread::sleep(1000);
+   *     std::cout << "Hello from another thread" << std::endl;
+   *
+   *   }
+   *
+   * };
+   *
+   * int main() {
+   *
+   *   try {
+   *     
+   *     // Implictly constructs a Task
+   *     Thread t(new aRunnable);
+   *
+   *   } catch(Synchronization_Exception& e) { 
+   *     std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl; 
+   *   }
+   *
+   *   std::cout << "Hello from the main thread" << std::endl;
+   *
+   *   // Output:
+   *
+   *   // Hello from the main thread
+   *   // Hello from another thread
+   *
+   *   return 0;
+   *
+   * }
+   *
+   * @endcode
+   *
+   * <h2><a name="ex2">Waiting for a task</a></h2>
+   *
+   * A user can exercise some simple synchronization by waiting for a thread
+   * to complete running its task.
+   *
+   * @code
+   * #include "zthread/Thread.h"
+   * #include <iostream>
+   *
+   * using namespace ZThread;
+   *
+   * class aRunnable : public Runnable {
+   * public:
+   *
+   *   void run() {
+   *
+   *     Thread::sleep(1000);
+   *     std::cout << "Hello from another thread" << std::endl;
+   *
+   *   }
+   *
+   * };
+   *
+   * int main() {
+   *
+   *   try {
+   *     
+   *     // Implictly constructs a Task
+   *     Thread t(new aRunnable);
+   *     t.wait();
+   *
+   *   } catch(Synchronization_Exception& e) { 
+   *     std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl; 
+   *   }
+   *
+   *   std::cout << "Hello from the main thread" << std::endl;
+   *
+   *   // Output:
+   *
+   *   // Hello from another thread
+   *   // Hello from the main thread
+   *
+   *   return 0;
+   *
+   * }
+   *
+   * @endcode
+   *
+   * <h2><a name="ex3">Sharing a task</a></h2>
+   *
+   * The same task can be shared by more than one thread. A Task is constructed
+   * from a Runnable, and that Task object is copied by value and handed off to
+   * each thread.
+   *
+   * @code
+   * #include "zthread/Thread.h"
+   * #include <iostream>
+   *
+   * using namespace ZThread;
+   *
+   * class aRunnable : public Runnable {
+   *
+   *   void run() {
+   *
+   *     Thread::sleep(1000);
+   *     std::cout << "Hello from another thread" << std::endl;
+   *
+   *   }
+   *
+   * };
+   *
+   * int main() {
+   *
+   *   try {
+   *     
+   *     // Explictly constructs a Task
+   *     Task task(new aRunnable);
+   *
+   *     // Two threads created to run the same Task
+   *     Thread t1(task);
+   *     Thread t2(task);
+   *
+   *   } catch(Synchronization_Exception& e) { 
+   *     std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl; 
+   *   }
+   *
+   *   std::cout << "Hello from the main thread" << std::endl;
+   *
+   *   // Output:
+   *
+   *   // Hello from the main thread
+   *   // Hello from another thread
+   *   // Hello from another thread
+   *
+   *   return 0;
+   *
+   * }
+   *
+   * @endcode
+   */
+  class ZTHREAD_API Thread 
+    : public Cancelable, public Waitable, public NonCopyable {
+
+    //! Delegate
+    ThreadImpl* _impl;
+
+  public:
+
+    /**
+     * Create a Thread that represents the current thread.
+     * <em>Using the static members of Thread should be preferred over using this constructor</em>
+     */
+    Thread();
+
+    /**
+     * Create a Thread that spawns a new thread to run the given task.
+     *
+     * @param task Task to be run by a thread managed by this executor 
+     * @param autoCancel flag to requestion automatic cancellation
+     *
+     * @post if the <i>autoCancel</i> flag was true, this thread will
+     *       automatically be canceled when main() goes out of scope.
+     */
+    Thread(const Task&, bool autoCancel = false);
+
+    //! Destroy the Thread
+    ~Thread();
+
+    //! Comparison operator
+    bool operator==(const Thread& t) const;
+
+    //! Comparison operator
+    inline bool operator!=(const Thread& t) const {
+      return !(*this == t);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wait for the thread represented by this object to complete its task.
+     * The calling thread is blocked until the thread represented by this
+     * object exits.
+     *
+     * @exception Deadlock_Exception thrown if thread attempts to join itself
+     * @exception InvalidOp_Exception thrown if the thread cannot be joined
+     * @exception Interrupted_Exception thrown if the joining thread has been interrupt()ed
+     */
+    void wait();
+ 
+    /**
+     * Wait for the thread represented by this object to complete its task.
+     * The calling thread is blocked until the thread represented by this
+     * object exits, or until the timeout expires.
+     *
+     * @param timeout maximum amount of time (milliseconds) this method 
+     *        could block the calling thread.
+     *
+     * @return 
+     *   - <em>true</em> if the thread task complete before <i>timeout</i> 
+     *     milliseconds elapse.
+     *   - <em>false</em> othewise.
+     *
+     * @exception Deadlock_Exception thrown if thread attempts to join itself
+     * @exception InvalidOp_Exception thrown if the thread cannot be joined
+     * @exception Interrupted_Exception thrown if the joining thread has been interrupt()ed
+     */
+    bool wait(unsigned long timeout);
+ 
+    /**
+     * Change the priority of this Thread. This will change the actual
+     * priority of the thread when the OS supports it. 
+     *
+     * If there is no real priority support, it's simulated.
+     *
+     * @param p - new Priority
+     */
+    void setPriority(Priority p);
+
+    /**
+     * Get the priority of this Thread.
+     *
+     * @return Priority
+     */
+    Priority getPriority();
+
+    /**
+     * Interrupts this thread, setting the <i>interrupted</i> status of the thread.
+     * This status is cleared by one of three methods. 
+     *
+     * If this thread is blocked when this method is called, the thread will
+     * abort that blocking operation with an Interrupted_Exception.
+     *
+     *  - The first is by attempting an operation on a synchronization object that
+     *    would normally block the calling thread; Instead of blocking the calling 
+     *    the calling thread, the function that would normally block will thrown an
+     *    Interrupted_Exception and clear the <i>interrupted</i> status of the thread.
+     *
+     *  - The second is by calling Thread::interrupted().
+     * 
+     *  - The third is by calling Thread::canceled().
+     *
+     * Threads already blocked by an operation on a synchronization object will abort
+     * that operation with an Interrupted_Exception, clearing the threads <i>interrupted</i>
+     * status as in the first case described above.
+     *
+     * Interrupting a thread that is no longer running will have no effect.
+     *
+     * @return 
+     *   - <em>true</em> if the thread was interrupted while not blocked by a wait
+     *     on a synchronization object.
+     *   - <em>false</em> othewise.
+     */
+    bool interrupt();
+
+    /**
+     * Tests whether the current Thread has been interrupt()ed, clearing
+     * its interruption status.
+     *
+     * @return 
+     *   - <em>true</em> if the Thread was interrupted.
+     *   - <em>false</em> otherwise.
+     *
+     * @post The <i>interrupted</i> status of the current thread will be cleared, 
+     *       allowing it to perform a blocking operation on a synchronization
+     *       object without throwing an exception.
+     */
+    static bool interrupted();
+
+    /**
+     * Tests whether the current Thread has been canceled, and clears the
+     * interrupted status.
+     *
+     * @return bool true only if the Thread::cancel() has been invoked.
+     */
+    static bool canceled();
+
+    /**
+     * Tests whether this thread has been canceled. If called from the context
+     * of this thread, the interrupted status is cleared.
+     *
+     * @return 
+     *   - <em>true</em> if the Thread was canceled.
+     *   - <em>false</em> otherwise.
+     * 
+     * @see Cancelable::isCanceled()
+     */
+    virtual bool isCanceled();
+
+    /**
+     * Interrupt and cancel this thread in a single operation. The thread will 
+     * return <em>true</em> whenever its cancelation status is tested in the future.
+     *
+     * @exception InvalidOp_Exception thrown if a thread attempts to cancel itself
+     *
+     * @see Thread::interrupt()
+     * @see Cancelable::cancel()
+     */
+    virtual void cancel();
+
+    /**
+     * Put the currently executing thread to sleep for a given amount of
+     * time.
+     *
+     * @param timeout maximum amount of time (milliseconds) this method could block
+     *
+     * @exception Interrupted_Exception thrown if the threads sleep is interrupted
+     *            before <i>timeout</i> milliseconds expire.
+     */
+    static void sleep(unsigned long timeout);
+
+    /**
+     * Cause the currently executing thread to yield, allowing the scheduler
+     * to assign some execution time to another thread.
+     */
+    static void yield();
+
+
+  }; /* Thread */
+
+
+} // namespace ZThread
+
+#endif // __ZTTHREAD_H__
+
+
+